The term ‘bunion’ is used to describe a red, painful, and often swollen ‘bump’ on the side of the big toe which develops as a direct consequence of a structural deformity of joint between the big toe and the foot known as hallux valgus.

In hallux valgus the big toe progressively becomes angled inwards towards the second toe. A bursa then forms over the joint as a protective measure but often becomes inflamed causing pain and making the joint appear larger, i.e. a bunion.

There are many recognized underlying causes of hallux valgus (and therefore bunions) but the most common are the wearing constricting footwear such as high heels, and over-pronation of the foot.

Treatment
Most bunions are treatable without surgery. We will advise you on choosing shoes that conform to the shape of your feet – generally those with wide insteps, broad toes and soft soles are best. We may also suggest protective pads to cushion the painful area.

Correction of any underlying mechanical cause (such as over-pronation) with orthotic devices is essential. This will not correct any bony mal-alignment but will slow down the progressive nature of this condition.

Footwear that is too narrow, especially worn at a young age, can be another factor. This can cause rubbing/inflammation and make the bunion appear bigger. Reduce the heel height and avoid slip-on footwear.

Surgery is always an option but usually if all the above conservative measures have failed. Orthotic devices are usually needed post-surgery to prevent any reoccurrence.